Kashan

Another design is called 'Afshan,' where the entire rug is adorned with arabesque patterns, characterized by a unified arabesque motif throughout.

The artisans of Kashan tend to value tradition highly, and it is rare to see a bold shift to new designs as seen in other regions. In fact, innovative patterns or designs tailored to foreign tastes are hardly produced, and traditional color schemes and compositions continue to be used.

The most significant feature of Kashan Persian rugs is their adherence to traditional aesthetic beauty. Therefore, many people in Japan associate 'classical-patterned Persian rugs' with Kashan, enjoying enduring popularity due to their assured quality and design backed by tradition.

Geography and History of Kashan

Kashan is an oasis city located almost midway between Tehran and Isfahan in central Iran. Surrounded by desert, it developed as a trading hub on the Silk Road, and its advanced craftsmanship in tile making and silk weaving has also been applied to rug production. Its history is ancient, with many renowned rugs woven during the Safavid period of the 16th to 17th centuries, and records indicate that the phrase 'craftsmen from Kashan' was used as the highest compliment.

There is also a theory that the world-famous Ardabil rug, housed in the Victoria and Albert Museum, originates from Kashan, though there are also theories attributing it to Tabriz, Isfahan, or Kerman, and its exact origin remains unconfirmed.

The photos were taken during a visit to the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

By the early 18th century, Kashan had reached its peak, becoming home to royal workshops, but due to subsequent political changes, the rug industry temporarily declined. However, from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, the textile industry revived, particularly known for exquisite quality rugs produced by renowned master weavers such as Hajj Motasham.

Due to this historical and cultural background, the rug weaving techniques of Kashan have been registered as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage, recognized globally for their value.

Design Features

The appeal of design is one reason Kashan rugs are highly regarded. A typical Kashan rug features a symmetrical composition with a central medallion and corner motifs (Medallion Corner) or a design with arabesque and floral patterns spread across the entire surface (Afshan). In either case, the field part is woven with intricate floral and plant motifs, characterized by a density that can be described as 'a riot of flowers blooming densely.'

Especially, floral motifs are indispensable when discussing Kashan rugs. Various plants, including floral patterns featuring roses, paisley (pine cone) designs, arabesque patterns, and medallions shaped like lotus flowers are incorporated into the designs.

In terms of color usage, traditionally deep reds, dark blues, ivories (natural colors), and beiges are frequently used.

Typical color patterns of Kashan rugs can be broadly categorized into three systems:

① A combination of red × cream/ivory × dark blue

② A soft combination of beige/cream × light blue × gray

③ A combination of black/navy × brown × yellow tones

In each pattern, various accent colors and contrasts in shades are skillfully interwoven, resulting in each rug being a unique work of art.

Overall, the design of Kashan Persian rugs is described as 'a splendid design typical of Persian rugs with harmonious colors.' They are elegant without being too flashy, yet possess a captivating presence that draws viewers in — truly an elegant rug.

Their timeless design harmonizes with various interiors, whether traditional or modern. The universal beauty that evokes tradition without feeling outdated is the essence of Kashan rug design.